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Credit card transactions cost American merchants six times as much as cash transactions. Why, then, do consumers pay the same price for purchases, regardless of the means of payment?The answer lies in a set of credit card network rules known as merchant restraints. Merchant restraints forbid...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009466414
expenses into a fair price 4. Decide when to offer discounts …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009476079
In recent times, pairs of retailers such as supermarket and retail gasoline chains have offered bundled discounts to … customers who buy their respective product brands. These discounts are a fixed amount off the headline prices that allied brands … arise although if both product sets are integrated, no bundled discounts are offered in equilibrium. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009451788
trade at economically significant discounts, unlike closed-end mutual fund shares. Although individual investors invest much …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009459103
This paper presents the results of a survey and analysis ofelectricity tariffs and marginal electricity prices for … commercialbuildings. The tariff data come from a survey of 90 utilities and 250tariffs for non-residential customers collected in 2004 as …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435538
March 15,2004. The main overall goals of this new regulation are: to allow the lowest possible tariffs for end users, while …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435556
utility commissions (PUC) and utilities have considered implementing dynamic pricing tariffs, such as real-time pricing (RTP … is appropriate for utilities to offer a range of dynamic pricing tariffs and DR programs, or just ''plain vanilla … tariffs, three basic implementation issues require attention. First, should it be a default or optional tariff, and for which …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435658
Real-time pricing (RTP) has been advocated as an economically efficient means to send price signals to customers to promote demand response (DR) (Borenstein 2002, Borenstein 2005, Ruff 2002). However, limited information exists that can be used to judge how effectively RTP actually induces DR,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435765
While more than 70 utilities in the U.S. have offered voluntary RTP tariffs on either a pilot or permanent basis, most … stimulate price responsive demand, we conducted a survey of 43 voluntary RTP tariffs offered in 2003. The survey involved …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435945
California electric utilities have been exploring the use of dynamic critical peak prices (CPP) and other demand response programs to help reduce peaks in customer electric loads. CPP is a tariff design to promote demand response. Levels of automation in DR can be defined as follows: Manual...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009436026