countries after an aggregate income shock. The analysis is based on a data set in which the customer data of the microfinance … microfinance institution. The results support the hypothesis that especially transaction lending contributes to the problem of …

borrowing groups of the microfinance institutions Constanta (Georgia) and FORA (Russia), this study describes to what extent … individual lending mechanism - based on the experience of 130 borrowers of the Microfinance Bank of Georgia – shows that there … contracts better fit to businesses with a dynamic perspective, joint-liability approaches better fit to rather static businesses …

endogenous cropchoices and prices, we study the effects of ex ante regulation and ex post liability of GMO producers onmarket …

explained, mainly in terms of control and income rights. Important factors are (limited) liability, risk-bearing costs …

terms of control and income rights. Important factors are (limited) liability, risk-bearing costs, transaction costs, and …

This paper examines the current assignment of liability for in-use vehicle emissions and suggests some alternative … liability for I/M to motorists, and we examine the potential for other liability assignments to reduce transaction costs and … improve program efficiency. Among the alternative institutional arrangements discussed are greater imposition of liability on …

The optimal design of environmental liability policy focuses on two primary policy issues: the cleanup of existing … analyze the effectiveness of an existing policy governing retroactive and prospective liability issues and suggest ways in …