La crisis económica reciente ha alterado la dinámica de las series económicas y, como consecuencia, ha introducido incertidumbre en el ajuste estacional en estos últimos años. El problema se discutió en seminarios celebrados en Eurostat y en el Banco Central Europeo durante el año 2010,...

Time series resulting from aggregation of several sub-series can be seasonally adjusted directly or indirectly. With model-based seasonal adjustment, the sub-series may also be considered as a multivariate system of series and the analysis may be done jointly. This approach has considerable...

We examine the short-term performance of two alternative approaches to forecasting using dynamic factor models. The fi rst approach extracts the seasonal component of the individual indicators before estimating the dynamic factor model, while the alternative uses the nonseasonally adjusted data...

Taking the case of Dutch agriculture as an example, this paper examines the role of innovation brokers in stimulating innovation system interaction and innovation capacity building, and reflects upon their potential role in developing countries’ agriculture. It concludes that innovation...

Already before the EU Directive 96/92/EG was passed in 1996, some countries in the EU had started their liberalisation process for energy markets. So, in 1991, Norway established a national power market that in 1996 turned into the multinational power exchange Nord Pool, including all Nordic...

The State Heating Oil and Propane Price (SHOPP) survey for the 1993--1994 heating season was conducted by the Pennsylvania Energy Office (PEO) in conjunction with the US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (DOE/EIA). The objective of the program was to collect price...

In late summer 1996, in response to relatively low inventory levels and tight world oil markets, prices for crude oil, natural gas, and products derived from both began to increase rapidly ahead of the winter heating season. Various government and private sector forecasts indicated the potential...