in the past few years has created an unfavourable operating environment for real estate developers in Mainland China …, research into the factors that influence the competitiveness of the real estate market in China has been limited. Therefore, a … survey of 58 real estate actitioners, experts and academics in China was conducted to probe opinion on the factors that …

could miss its appropriate settings by as much as 4% p.a. Also, shocks to banking productivity or collateral effectiveness …

provide collateral or a guarantor. …

firms of unobserved credit quality when firms pledge collateral to secure the loans. Loan data from the Spanish Credit … concentration (which is shown to be positively correlated with market power) and with the availability of collateral, although the … increase with the availability of collateral, but the increase is lower for banks operating in more concentrated credit markets …

grants a loan and the location of the borrower) on the use of collateral for business loans by Spanish banks on the basis of … the recent lender based theory of collateral (Inderst and Mueller (2007)). We find that, for the average borrower, the use … of collateral is higher for loans granted by local lenders than by distant ones. We also show that the difference in the …

rentseeking opportunities. Using a new loan-level database for China, we find that collateral incidence increases with … is the first to investigate the determinants of collateral for China using loan-level data … erosionan las oportunidades de búsqueda de rentas. Utilizando una nueva base de datos de préstamos individuales de China …

literatura empírica sobre el proceso reformatorio en China ; By allowing large classes of movable assets to be used as collateral …La reforma de la Ley de Propiedad transformó las transacciones aseguradas en China al permitir la utilización como … China. También se realizan pruebas de robustez para estas otras reformas, contribuyendo con nuevos resultados a la …