The Ghana cocoa market has been extensively liberalised over the period since the mid 1980s. Three issues have been … occurred. In this paper we investigate these issues by estimating a production function for cocoa in Ghana drawing on two …

valorise the small peasants agriculturein Africa and include the smallholders in global markets. Certification and labelling … systemsaccompany these chains in developed countries. The aim of this article is to analyze thechallenges for smallholders of this new …

smallholder tree farmers in the Philippines. The paper first discusses the main drivers for current low returns to smallholders … regulations on market access and product quality appear to be the dominant constraints on smallholders receiving higher returns … these constraints by improving the implementation of policy, helping smallholders access markets and through longer term …

of Southern women smallholders, most do not. It is argued here that multiple understandings or meanings of social justice … thesis asks: How do women smallholders construct ‘ethicality’ in their food networks in relation to sustainable livelihoods …-level of women smallholders’ livelihoods (agency) and the macro-level of ethical regulations (structure), as well as how …

The literature on commercial transformation of smallholders makes little distinctionbetween market orientation …