difference in productivity level between formal and informal firms in favour the former. We also show, however, that the … productivity gap is much smaller for large informal firms than for small informal firms, again suggesting that large informal firms …

Social programs can reduce productivity and growth as they inadvertently generate perverse incentives for workers and … aggregate labor productivity. In turn, differences in the cost of labor produce differences in returns to capital across firms … security contributions. This lowers the average productivity of capital causing dynamic productivity losses. The analytical …

addition to "productivity", firms are also heterogeneous in their "caliber" — the ability to produce quality using fewer fixed … inputs. Compared to single-attribute models of firm heterogeneity emphasizing either productivity or the ability to produce …

between infrastructure and private productivity. The second subject is the determinants of regional infrastructure investment … infrastructure to private production; the essays three to five study besides the productivity effects also the determinants of …