, lack the necessary will to alleviate poverty or to re-distribute income vertically. They are much more concerned about …Verbreitete Armut ist nach wie vor eines der zentralen Probleme der arabischen Entwicklungsländer, das nicht nur auf … satisfying the needs of the influential urban middle class than to engage in favour of low-income groups.Nevertheless, foreign …

their consumption from specific economic shocks and fluctuations in their real income. Building on the recent literature of … household consumption covaries with the growth rate of household income. All the cases studies show that food consumption is … mechanism for partially insuring ex-post the consumption of food from the effects of income changes. Food consumption is also …

This course treats public-sector policies, programs, and projects that attempt to reduce poverty and unemployment in … developing countries through directly income-generating activities and employment. Topics covered are (1) employment and local … these approaches to the broader literature on poverty reduction, economic development, politics, and the reform of …

increase household wealth. The predictable outcome is the depletion of the income and assets of low-income families and … growing fringe economy and examine strategies to help curb the drain of income and assets from low-income communities. © 2004 …

tremendous increase in poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Much of the literature argues that the …’s economic empowerment: the labour market, education and poverty. Large and complex data sets on peoples’ attitudes and … greater in transition than in OECD countries.On the other hand, once the feminisation of poverty is concerned data on …

This paper attempts to provide alternative estimates of income distribution in South Africa, utilizing data that allow … us to evaluate income, distribution across time, reducing dependence on the vagaries associated with individual surveys … we then combine to arrive at estimates of overall poverty from 1970 to 2000. However, data for the last few years of this …

raises mean income and reduces the proportion of the population living below any absolute poverty line. It is generally …There is now a consensus that economic growth is a dominant determinant of poverty. That is, poverty reduction requires … sustained economic growth significantly above the population growth so that per capita income continues to rise. Economic growth …

) in the new international setting, Europe is facing a choice between alternative models. In one alternative, the “welfare …