This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the … implications of such pollution for a city's competitiveness. Within a system of cities, cities compete for jobs and people. Those … pollution inhibit urban competitiveness? Second, why is this effect likely to grow in importance over time? Third, why have …

the study is the Directive 96/61/EG on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC-Directive) which serves as an … across environmental media, like air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, generation of waste, resource use, noise …