Against the backdrop of the Estonian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second half of 2017 the authors propose to focus the political agenda on the threats to free trade which emerged by the protectionist views of the Trump government, the imminent weakening of the EU Common...

This research provides review of impose trade remedies (antidumping, countervailing measures, safeguard measures) and conduct relative investigation as well as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) against certain trade partner by different countries in 1995–2015. This research considers...

More than 170 years ago, Frédéric Bastiat noted in his masterly work Economic Sophisms that the “opposition to free trade rests upon errors, or, if you prefer, upon half-truths.”1 Ever since Adam Smith successfully replaced mercantilist orthodoxy with free trade doctrine in his celebrated...

Sub-Saharan Africa's declining importance in global trade is primarily due to its inability to remain competitive in international markets. If Africa merely retained its 1962-1964 shares for major products its exports would now be 75% ($11 billion) higher. External protection against Africa has...

Die deutsch-russischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen haben sich seit den 1990er Jahren fast unbemerkt von der (medialen) Öffentlichkeit positiv weiterentwickelt. Russland wurde zwar als G8-Mitglied und eines der wichtigen Schwellenländer der BRIC-Gruppe wahrgenommen, mehr Aufmerksamkeit genoss...

The study examines the effect of financial crises on international trade with a gravity approach and a large data set covering almost 70 importing and 200 exporting countries from 1950 to 2009. Thus it is possible to put the "Great Trade Collapse" witnessed during the financial crisis 2008/2009,...

Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending economy, where domestic firms involved in business with the...

This paper makes an attempt to understand the implications of trade normalisation between India and Pakistan on the automobile sector. Currently, am majority of auto components are in Pakistan's negative list. Based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the paper concludes that India...

This paper examines the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on agricultural commodity trade using extensive data. The data cover agricultural exports and imports between the U.S. and NAFTA partners over the extended period of 1989 - 2010. The commodities covered in the analyses...