US dollar credit is growing quickly outside the United States, especially in Asia, and in some economies it has … outpaced overall credit growth. Cross-border sources of credit bear watching in view of their record of outgrowing overall … credit in credit booms. Foreign currency and cross-border sources of credit raise policy issues …

Foreign currency loans to the unhedged non-banking sector are remarkably prevalent in Europe and create a significant … exchange-rate-induced credit risk to European banking sectors. In particular, Swiss franc (CHF)-denominated loans, popular in … that banks in Europe have continuously held more foreign-currency-denominated assets than liabilities, indicating their …

-affiliated, and low-leverage companies incline more towards this strategy. Credit rating, debt maturity, financial and interest …