on the effects of the rapidly rising electricity tariffs. The issue of tariff increases has now become even more critical …-based electricity. There have been some South African studies that have attempted to estimate the price elasticity of electricity demand … individual firms and their decisions to invest in their own generation, and the longer-run impacts on electricity demand. This …

. The gains are a function of the domestic trade share and the long-run elasticity of trade with respect to iceberg trade … long-run elasticity cannot be estimated in one step by relying on tariff variation as shifters of trade costs. We show …, instead, that this object can be recovered by combining two tariff elasticity estimates: the long- and the short-run. Thus …

During the U.S.-China trade war, the U.S. punitive tariffs were almost entirely borne by U.S. importers. In contrast …, only 68% of China's retaliatory tariffs were paid by Chinese importers. The puzzling difference between the U.S. and China … product-level tariff pass-through and show that a higher ratio of import demand elasticity over export supply elasticity leads …