Many countries have a clear policy objective of increasing their share of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, a major impediment to higher RES penetration often lies in the historically grown structures of a country's electricity sector. In Indonesia, policymakers have relied on cheap...

In this new era of energy transition, access to reliable and correctly functioning electricity markets is a huge concern for all economies. The restructuring path taken by most electricity markets involves the movement towards green generation structures and the increasing integration of wind...

Electricity serves as a vital input to modern economies. Many critical infrastructures such transportation, telecommunications, banking, among others, depend on continuous supply of electricity to perform their functions. However, as modern economies continue to move towards digitalization and...

This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically how upstream markets are affected by deregulation downstream. Deregulation tends to increase the level of uncertainty in the upstream market. Our theoretical analysis predicts that deregulated firms respond to this increase in uncertainty by...