This paper uses a two-stage data envelopment analysis to examine bank efficiency in Malaysia. In the first stage, we use meta-frontier technology to address bank heterogeneity-bank nature (Islamic vs. conventional banks) and bank ownership (local vs. foreign banks). Using a data set of 43...

The purpose of this study is to investigate regional differences in the business characteristics of Japanese agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which have been widely criticized for depending on non-agricultural activities, contradictory to cooperative principles. We construct a panel data set...