This paper examines spatial variations in exposure to toxic air pollution from industrial facilities in urban areas of … directions: the ability to displace pollution onto minorities may lower the effective cost of pollution for industrial firms; and … higher average pollution burdens may induce whites to invest more political capital in efforts to influence firms’ siting …

there is no perfectly clean technology that eventually solves the pollution problem once and for all. New technologies have … stings attached, i.e. each emits a specific stock pollutant. Damages are convex in individual pollution stocks but additive … across stocks, creating gains from diversification. The research and pollution policies are tightly linked in such a setting …