Models for assessing the probability of default play an important role in the risk management systems of commercial banks, as they allow assessing the creditworthiness of various counterparties and transactions. Many Russian banks are trying to switch to an advanced approach based on internal...

Competition in the U.S. appears to have declined. One contributing factor may have been heterogeneity in the availability of credit during the financial crisis. I examine the impact of product market peer credit constraints on long-run competitive outcomes and behavior among non-financial firms....