suggests that the effect of offshoring manufacturing and services on total factor productivity (TFP) is positive and larger …A major question in the globalization debate is whether outsourcing and offshoring activities are beneficial to the … home country. This paper investigates the effects on productivity and trade from the perspective of transaction costs …

studies conducted so far focus alone on the productivity effects of offshoring at the firm level. Here I carry out the …. On the other hand, positive effects on the growth rate of productivity are found as a result of both types of offshoring … percentage points for services and 0.48 to 0.64 for materials. -- offshoring ; Japan ; employment ; productivity …