Financial services and insurance pose unique challenges for the design of a VAT. They represented 8.3% of the U.S. GDP … for 2008. An economically neutral VAT should be imposed on supplies of financial and insurance services to the extent that … VATs around the world exempt some or all financial services and insurance. This exemption is presumed to cause several …

The EU VAT system, like many VAT systems around the world, exempts insurance and financial services. As opposed to … insurance and financial services creates significant legal difficulties and economic distortions. This paper discusses these … VAT treatment of insurance and financial services. It concludes that the proposal falls short by not considering full …

. 71 (1), pp. 155–181), called “mobile-ratio method”. This paper examines whether the new method is adequate for insurance … services. It reveals that the analogy between insurance services and other financial services, while amazing at first glance …, does not reach far enough to make the “mobile-ratio method” practically applicable to insurance services. …

product differentiation, quality, speed, service and costs. Today interface between the customer and an insurance agent no … longer characterize the insurance company. Entry of private insurance players has brought about alternate distribution … providers in term of different modes of distribution and new partner organizations. Insurance, in coming years, is expected to …

) on tabarruʿ-based takāful (donation-based Islamic insurance) products in Malaysia. The paper aims to do so by analysing …-based takāful with its imposition on conventional insurance while probing into the Sharīʿah texts and opinions of classical and …