-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given … corruption on pollution. The indirect effect via income is positive or negative depending on the income level. If negative, the … corruption. Because this relationship is particularly strong at low income levels, developing countries can considerably improve …

This work provides a new way to analyze of the effect of electoral system and corruption: through its degree of …. But it is beneficial only up to certain proportionality degrees, after which the corresponding level of corruption begins …

We investigate corruption as a social dilemma by means of a bribery game in which a risk of collective sanction of the …' corruptibility but is not sufficient to eliminate the Tragedy of corruption that leads both firms and officials to earn less than in … the absence of corruption. …

A government officials' propensity to corruption, or corruptibility, can be affected by his intertemporal preference …