This paper uses the sudden surge in Chinese competition faced by Brazil's manufacturers in the 2000s to revisit the … findings from the literature on how productivity, innovation, and employment were impacted by the Great Liberalizationa period …, procompetitive effect of trade on total factor productivity (TFP). However, as in the 1990s, these gains do not seem to have been …

gives the opportunity to analyse the industry sector's productivity by minimizing the problem of endogeneity and therefore …