It is often argued that good environmental and commercial performance go hand in hand. In this chapter the links between environmental policy stringency, environmental performance and commercial performance (profitability and sales) for a sample of OECD manufacturing facilities are examined....

Scholars and practitioners alike advocate involving stakeholders in environmental decision-making, although there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of public involvement tools and the degree of public involvement in the decision-making process. Some researchers have gone a step further...

Some researchers question the legitimacy of EMSs since organizations can claim to have one when in fact they make no attempt to reduce their environmental harms. In instances where EMSs enhance an organization's environmental performance, critics argue that improvements are likely to incur...