This paper explores the advantages of a new financial charter for large, complex, internationally active financial institutions that would address the corporate governance challenges of such organizations, including incentive problems in risk decisions and the complicated corporate and...

Banks are held out as symbols of stability, safe places to put your money. Yet since the early 1980's over 3,400 banks have failed, an average of about two a week for a period exceeding thirty years. These bank failures aren't steady, regular, and easily predictable events. Periods of calm and...

This paper examines the impact of charter type, holding company structure, and measures of bank fragility on the likelihood of a bank bailout or failure during the late 2000s financial crisis. The empirical results indicate that established institutions were more likely to fail if they were...