Empirical evidence shows that entrepreneurs on average do not earn more than paid employees in terms of the net present value (NPV). One natural question is what makes the entrepreneurs to stay in business. To address this question, we propose a continuous time real options model in which an...

I propose an intertemporal precautionary-saving model in which the agent's labor income is subject to both permanent and transitory shocks. However, he only observes his total income, not individual components. I show that partial observability of individual components of income gives rise to...

This paper studies the effects of heterogeneity in planning propensity on wealth inequality and asset prices. I consider an economy populated by "attentive" and "inattentive" agents. Attentive agents plan their consumption period by period, while inattentive agents plan every other period....

We study how risk aversion affects precautionary savings when considering monotone recursive Kreps-Porteus preferences. In a general infinite-horizon setting, we prove that risk aversion unambiguously increases precautionary savings. The result is derived without specifying income uncertainty,...

Diversification is a fundamental concept in economics, decision theory, and finance, but the way in which it is implemented in the real world varies greatly. This paper asks how elementary the notion of diversification is by studying whether children apply it as a choice heuristic. We report on...

Diversification is a fundamental concept in economics, decision theory and finance. It also lies at the core of the Darwinian evolution argument, and diversifying behavior known as bet-hedging has been widely documented in other species. The central premise of this paper is that attitudes...

We present new evidence on financial literacy and retirement preparation in the Netherlands based on two surveys conducted before and after the onset of the financial crisis. We document that while financial knowledge did not increase from 2005 to 2010, significantly more individuals planned for...

Many of us understand the ability to read or write also within the term of financial literacy (Zarcadoolas, Pleasan & Greer 2006). But we may see the numbers of areas in which people show functional literacy, for example cultural literacy, emotional, media, financial, health literacy and so on....

We present new evidence on financial literacy and retirement preparation in the Netherlands based on two surveys conducted before and after the onset of the financial crisis. We document that while financial knowledge did not increase from 2005 to 2010, significantly more individuals planned for...

Neue Finanzprodukte und ein stärkerer Fokus auf private Altersvorsorge stellen Haushalte vor neue Herausforderungen und fordern von ihnen immer mehr und weitreichendere finanzielle Entscheidungen. Finanzielle Bildung spielt bei diesen Entscheidungen eine wichtige Rolle. Finanzielle Bildung zu...