financial intermediation and the supremacy of banks' efficiency. This study examines the concurrent effects of bank risk …, efficiency and cost of financial intermediation of Bangladeshi commercial banks. The Two-Step System GMM (2GMM) estimators of …-level, industry-level, and macroeconomic-level phenomenon. Efficiency gains cost the spread of banks' financial intermediation, and …

Efficiency is an important consideration for those who manage public services. Costs vary with output and with a … these factors into account, costs vary across providers because of differences in efficiency. Such differences offer clues … about good practice that can lead to improvements in the system as a whole. The role of efficiency is illustrated by …

This article proposes a comprehensive introduction into the analysis and calculating costs and identifies the different … areas of activities in company which can lead to improving the quality and reducing costs by using the PAF cost model. The … objectives which should be achieved. PAF model is the most frequently used model for the quality costs analysis at present. In …

The purpose of this chapter is to review dental economics in three major areas: (i) demand for and utilisation of … dental care, (ii) productivity, technical efficiency and economies of scale in dental care production, and finally (iii …