, broadening existing economic sanctions and tightening their enforcement. However, an unintended consequence of the nuclear crisis … interest in cooperating with international efforts to pressure North Korea, let alone in supporting sanctions. North Korea … appears to have rearranged its external economic relations to reduce any impact that traditional sanctions could have. Given …

Using a new, global data base covering the years 1950 to 2015, we study the impact of sanctions on international trade …

This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the …-R3 has been amended with a new variable that distinguishes between unilateral and multilateral sanctions. As before, the … highlight one of the new features of the GSDB, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of unilateral and multilateral sanctions on …

This paper introduces the fourth release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDBR4). Covering the period 1950-2023, it … combine it with trade data until 2023, and we investigate the effects of the recent sanctions on Russia's trade within an … effects. The implication is that such trade cost decreases may be sufficient to offset the effects of Western sanctions on …