This article presents a trade based theory of casino taxation along with empirical evidence found from Macao as a typical tourism resort. We prove that there is aunique optimum gaming tax in a particular market for casino gambling, argue that any change in this tax is engendered by external...

This paper uses a Markov switching model (MSM) to decompose Macao’s tourism cycle into high and low growth states (HGS, LGS) for the period of 2005Q2–2017Q2. The likelihood of the cycle maintaining HGS is 93% but the risk of staying in LGS is 80%. The Macao cycle is favorably asymmetric,...

Self-propelled autonomous devices have great significance in energy, environment, and biomedical engineering, and thus vast achievements have been made in recent years. However, conventional propulsion often requires special chemicals or external energy, which restricts their practical...