system that gives money the role it should have: to facilitate complex interactions in a stable environment. …

This study reviews the concepts and features of both central bank and private sector money and focuses on them in … selected advanced and emerging economies. As a newly emerged form of private sector money, digital coins (cryptoassets) such as …

This paper takes an overview of the concepts and features of central bank money and private sector money and focuses on … the actual performance of these types of money in selected advanced and emerging economies. In addition, digital coins … (crypto assets), such as bitcoin, are newly emerged private sector money. Much attention has been given to digital coins …

This paper contributes to the literature on the properties of money and credit indicators for detecting asset price … several macroeconomic monetary, financial and real variables. According to statistical tests, credit aggregates (either in … models ; monetary aggregates ; credit aggregates …

banks during the 1990s on credit allocation using the Short-term Economic Survey of Enterprises. This survey includes a … from our model. We found that credit was reduced when the balance sheet of firms and banks deteriorated. The effects are … particularly significant for non-manufacturing industries. -- Tankan Survey ; Credit crunch ; Ever-greening ; Non-performing loans …

This paper proposes and tests a theory of credit-driven asset bubbles which are neutral in their real effects. When a …

firms accelerate, loan growth. We find that small firms increase trade credit, a substitute credit, indicating a strong loan …-desirable alternative. Using trade credit is propitious since unlike commercial paper (investigated by previous researchers), it is widely … used by the small firms suffering the loan decline. Surprisingly, we also find large firms increase trade credit, a puzzle …

Empirical credit demand analysis undertaken at the aggregate level obscures potential behavioral heterogeneity between … the credit cycle with respect to interest rates, output and house prices is found. The results motivate sector …