The demographic transition is a phenomenon affecting many industrialized societies. These economies are experiencing a decline in mortality alongside low fertility rates - a situation that puts social security systems under severe pressure. To implement appropriate reform measures, adequate...

Nominal and real interest rates in advanced economies have been decreasing since the mid-1980s and reached historical low levels in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Understanding why interest rates have fallen is essential for both monetary policy and financial stability. This paper...

This paper develops methods and a framework of financial market theory. We model financial markets as a system of agents which perform market transactions with other agents under the action of numerous expectations. Agents’ expectations are formed of economic and financial variables, market...

China is well-placed to avoid the so-called “middle-income trap” and to continue to converge towards the more advanced economies, even though growth is likely to slow from near double-digit rates in the first decade of this millennium to around 7% at the 2020 horizon. However, in order to...

Stock market price/earnings ratios should be influenced by demography. Since demography is predictable, stock returns should be as well. We provide a simple stochastic OLG model with a cyclical structure which generates cyclical P/E ratios. We calibrate the model to roughly fit the cyclical...

The key objective of the present study is to investigate the impact of changes in selected macroeconomic variables on Indian stock market (Nifty 50 index). To estimate the relationship, multivariate regression model computed on standard ordinary linear square method have been used. The time...

I study the evolution of the equilibrium real interest rate, also known as the natural or neutral interest rate, in Asia-Pacific. Simple estimates based on a statistical approach suggest that, except for China, and Thailand since 2005, the natural interest rate may have declined substantially in...

This paper studies the evolution of the equilibrium real interest rate (ie natural or neutral interest rate) in Asia-Pacific. I take an empirical approach to estimate the rate, simple estimates suggest that except for China, and Thailand since 2005, the natural interest rate may have declined...