The Chinese indirect tax system is on the eve of a major overhaul, with the integration of the VAT and business tax (BT) to start in select industries in Shanghai on January 1, 2012. This paper provides an overview of China's idiosyncratic VAT as well as the BT as they stood towards the end of...

Increasingly linked by regional and global ties, national economies depend more than ever on international investments and trade. While trade and investment have become international, however, taxation has remained national, preserving and strengthening one of the few remaining barriers to...

Australia’s general anti-avoidance rule permits the revenue authority to strike down transactions which occurred and the tax consequences they generated. This is the easy step. The harder task is the next step because the rule seems to require speculation about what might have happened...

Against a backdrop of ongoing angst regarding release of tax guidance, an important idea has surfaced in the tax compliance literature. Prominent tax compliance scholars have argued that the strategic use of tax law uncertainty may cause taxpayers to report higher tax liability. While these...

Focal points for private bargaining occur every instance the tax law provides a tax election that directly affects multiple taxpayers. These elections explicitly enable, and actually incentivize, the taxpayers to cooperate in order to reduce their aggregate tax burden. For example, divorced...

In this article, the author examines, through numerical examples, the effects would EU Member States subject taxpayers – both residents and non-residents – deriving income from domestic sources, to unlimited income taxation whilst granting double tax relief for foreign income under a...

The terms “enterprise,” “business” and “business profits” are ubiquitous in U.S. and international tax law yet they are often ill-defined and under-theorized, especially in their interaction with other regulatory areas. This U.S. Report, commissioned for a comparative volume on the...

This article considers an issue which was resolved by the Supreme Court in the 2010 Term: the status of medical residents with respect to FICA taxes. Specifically at issue was whether medical residents qualify as students under Section 3121(b)(10) of the Internal Revenue Code, which...

Small business is a sacred cow in America. In 1958, Congress created the Small Business Investment Company ("SBIC"), a unique public-private program that provides long-term capital to small entrepreneurs. From its inception, however, the SBIC has been plagued by inefficiency and failure. Yet,...