process. As suggested here, doing so transforms policy formulation from an exercise in reverse engineering to one of risk …

can decelerate growth in the absence of any level shocks. In contrast to level risk, which is always welfare reducing for … a risk-averse household, volatility risk can increase or decrease welfare, depending on model parameters. When … calibrated to U.S. data, the model finds that the welfare cost of volatility risk is largely negligible under plausible model …