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liberalization. Second, democracy has a negative effect on growth during the contraction, whereas its effect appears insignificant … apparently go beyond deteriorating economic performance. The level of democracy, in contrast, increases the support for the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010515695
democracy and a market economy with different speed and sequencing. The related political-economy issues gave rise to an ongoing … debate on the question as to whether the introduction of democracy in view of comprehensive economic reforms may better be … delayed. After some theoretical considerations around governance, democracy, and reforms an overview of empirical studies on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003838585
controlling for endogeneity of liberalization in growth). (2) Democracy facilitates economic liberalization. (3) Because of its … effect on liberalization, democracy has a positive overall effect on growth. Nevertheless, the marginal effect of democracy … subsequent democracy appears negative. (5) Economic performance is an important determinant of electoral outcomes and, in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014126744
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010361301
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010518122
In Romania, the communist regime promoted an official policy of gender equality for more than 40 years, providing equal access to education and employment and restricting pay differentiation based on gender. After its fall in December 1989, the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment for...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279609
The North Korean economy has been a statistical black hole for decades but is undergoing substantial transformations. Rapid post-war industrialisation was not sustained beyond the mid-1960s and South Korea’s economy far outpaced North Korea’s during the next three decades, during which trend...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012203362
democratization has a sizeable negative effect on loan spreads: a one-point increase in the zero-to-ten Polity IV index of democracy …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011761252
differences between autocracy and democracy. -- China ; democracy ; autocracy ; development ; growth ; elites …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008662180
Urbanisation in China has long been held back by various restrictions on land and internal migration but has taken off since the 1990s, as these impediments started to be gradually relaxed. People have moved in large numbers to richer cities, where productivity is higher and has increased...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010231018