of war by increasing the weight of trading over the alternative of aggression; interdependent states would rather trade …

removes their capacity to strike. Weapons can serve as a means of deterrence. In four treatments, we find that deterrence is … beneficial trade decreases the risk of confrontation, but not necessarily the likelihood of costly arms races. …

towards meeting overly ambitious objectives; (ii) small changes in the destination of trade across all Regional Economic … Communities, indicative of persistent high trade costs and few new manufactures products destined for geographically close markets … high number of provisions not covered in Word Trade Organization negotiations, but these have low legal enforceability …