We propose "Entertainment and Travel Costs" (ETC) expenditures as a measure of corruption in Chinese firms. These expenses are publicly reported in firms' accounting books, and on average they amount to about 3% of firms' total value added. We find that ETC is a mix that includes "grease money"...

Entertainment and Travel Costs (ETC), an expenditure item in standard accounting books of firms in China, amount to about 20% of total wage bills in a sample of 3470 Chinese firms. Using a detailed dataset of these firms, we analyze the composition of ETC and effects of ETC on firm performance....

Entertainment and Travel Costs (ETC) is a standard expenditure item for Chinese firms with an annual amount equal to about 20 percent of total wage bills. We use this objective accounting measure as a basis to analyze the composition of ETC and the effect of ETC on firm performance. We rely on...

Entertainment and Travel Costs (ETC) is a standard expenditure item for Chinese firms with an annual amount equal to about 20 percent of total wage bills. We use this objective accounting measure as a basis to analyze the composition of ETC and the effect of ETC on firm performance. We rely on...