In an influential work, Qin and Lawless (1994) proposed a general estimating equations (GEE) formulation for maximum empirical likelihood (MEL) estimation and inference. The formulation replaces a model specified by GEE with a set of data-supported probability mass functions that satisfy...

A mathematical expression known as Benford's law provides an example of an unexpected relationship among randomly selected first significant digits (FSD). Newcomb (1881), and later Benford (1938), conjectured that FSDs would exhibit a weakly monotonic distribution and proposed a frequency...