Due to the market’s integrity and lack of liquidity of Taiwan’s bond market, a bond manager finds it difficult to flexibly adjust portfolio allocation and systemic risk. No matter in the T-M model, T-M ARMAX-GARCH model, or H-M ARMAX-GARCH model, this study’s results show that most bond...

The article discuss the relationship between US REITs and Japan REITs. In empirical study, we apply five static ARMAX-GJR-GARCH copula models and two time-varying dynamic copula models. The results show that the kendall tau is lower before the submortgage crisis. The contagion effect test...