For all its rapid economic and military growth, China may have a crucial weakness in its grossly underfunded retirement system for the largest national population on earth. Currently, the implicit pension debt in China is around $1.5 trillion, a liability that primarily rests on the country's 31...

The President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security has proposed a number of changes in Social Security, each of them introducing personal accounts funded from a portion of payroll tax receipts, and in one case, out of additional contributions. These changes are presented in the form of...

Poor financial market returns and low long-term real interest rates in recent years have created challenges for the sponsors of defined benefit pension schemes. At the same time, lower payroll tax revenues in a period of high unemployment, and rising fiscal deficits in many advanced economies as...

We introduce and analyze a novel collective defined contribution plan (CDC) which guarantees upon retirement at least a target benefit as a lump sum. The guarantee is provided by the remaining working generations under a pre-determined linear intergenerational risk sharing (IRS) rule. Through a...

Der kapitalgedeckten Altersvorsorge kommt mit dem demografischen und erwerbsstrukturellen Wandel eine wachsende Bedeutung zu. Dabei wird häufig nur die Höhe der Rente bei Erstbezug betrachtet. Die Leistungen während der Bezugszeit werden im Hinblick auf die Lebensstandardsicherung kaum...

The objective of this paper is to examine and analyze empirically whether the Central and Eastern Europe countries` reformed pension systems are providing adequate and safe pensions. Starting in 1990s, most Central and Eastern European countries radically reformed their pension systems. The...

This paper reviews and makes comparative assessment of models of pensions systems. Pension plans and systems, and the contemporary trends in their development are briefly introduced. Models of pension systems by three leading international organizations are reviewed, compared and commentated....

Poland's new Employee Capital Plans (PPK) scheme, which is mandatory for employers, started to be implemented in July 2019. The article looks at the systemic solutions applied in the programme from the perspective of the concept of the simultaneous reconstruction of the retirement pension...

This paper analyses the impact of public pension expenditures and pension funds' assets as well as their benefits on economic volatility. To do so, we use panel data for 35 OECD countries for the period 1980-2018 and apply a set of state-of-the-art econometric estimators. Our results show weak...