Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

The growing number of voluntary standards for governing transnational arenas is presenting standards organizations with … their own respective standards that are increasingly similar. By developing the notion of ‘standards markets,' this paper … examines this tension and studies how different social movement and industry-driven standards organizations compete as well as …

national contexts in driving the proliferation and co-evolution of sustainability standards, based on the case of the global … important sources of standards variation, for example in the cases of Fairtrade, UTZ Certified and the Common Code for the … targeting particular consuming countries have been key mechanisms of standards transmission and selection. Unlike prior research …

International standards have the potential to both promote and hinder international trade. Yet empirical scholarship on … the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to some methodological challenges: measurement problems, varied … standard on the country-pair trade flows between 91 nations over the 1995-2005 period. To deal with these challenges, we …

independently. We build a three-country oligopolistic trade model by incorporating the endogenous determination of standards by …This study considers endogenous determination of domestic standards on products that cause negative consumption … externalities in the presence of a preferential trade agreement (PTA) in a three-country world. In particular, we examine how a PTA …

-parametric formulas, we measure how trade modifies the deadweight loss of markups through two channels: (1) trade-induced change in markup … zero-sum welfare effects similar to implicit tariffs that tilt the terms of trade in favor of countries exporting high … compile new data on global profit ownership. Our findings reveal that trade has greatly reshaped the global incidence of …