. -- Institutions ; Fiscal Federalism ; Education ; Long Run Development …Recent research links the inequality across countries and regions to colonial institutions. This paper argues that … trade shocks could alter the development path of a country or subnational units, in spite of its colonial institutions. This …

Education has long stood at the epicenter of the battle for civil rights. More than half a century after the U ….S. Supreme Court declared racially segregated schools unlawful in Brown v. Board of Education, educational opportunity and … schools are resegregating at alarming rates, protecting education as a civil right is crucial for creating equitable and high …

This paper studies the historical origins of the federalist institutions in Mexico and Brazil. Using a bargaining game … negotiation power of local governments. This led to the buildup of opposite federalist institutions in both countries, which have …, weakening the relative power of local elites. -- Institutions ; Fiscal Federalism ; Public Finance and Endowments …

The relative incomes and education-levels of Black and white populations in the United States and Brazil are considered …, the effects of demography, education, and regional migration on the Black-white income gap are disentangled using census … relative earnings. Education, measured by literacy or years of schooling, was the major reason behind reductions in income gaps …