Use of low-temperature heat sources in district heating (DH) systems is gaining attention as a climate mitigation measure. Urban excess heat (UEH) from data centres, metro stations, sewage systems and service sector buildings’ cooling system belongs to these sources. The use of UEH affects...

The energy consumption of conventional HVAC systems in cold climates is strongly influenced by the ventilation thermal loads required to keep adequate levels of indoor air quality. The improvement of the energy efficiency of such systems may be achieved using heat recovery systems consisting of...

Molasses is a first-generation bioethanol feedstock that is a byproduct of sugar production. Molasses is a viscous fluid; consequently, when it serves as a substrate, it needs to be dissolved in water to obtain the appropriate conditions for the yeast. Therefore, the mixing process of molasses...