Legal and illegal markets often coexist. In theory, marginal legalization can either substitute for the remaining parallel market, or complement it via scale effects. I study migrants crossing without prior authorization at the US southwest border, where large-scale unlawful crossing coexists...

We study what happens to identified shocks and to dynamic responses when the data generating process features q disturbances but less than q variables are used in the empirical model. Identified shocks are mongrels: they are linear combinations of current and past values of all structural...

We study what happens to identified shocks and to dynamic responses when the data generating process features q disturbances but q1 q variables are used in an empirical model. Identified shocks are linear combinations of current and past values of all structural disturbances and do not...