This paper introduces the probabilistic formulation of continuous-time economic models: forward stochastic differential equations (SDE) govern the dynamics of backward-looking variables, and backward SDEs capture that of forward-looking variables. Deep learning streamlines the search for the...

The future use of electric vehicles in the southern regions of the world could face several problematics related to high temperature, mostly when charging at high power. This paper proposes a new external cooling solution for cooling EV batteries pack at higher temperature conditions especially...