Communication is a transactional means of sending and receiving meaning with the use of language which can be inform of words, signs, sounds and so on. Advertisement shares all these features thus, a form of communication. For communication to be effective there must be some sense of shared...

The advertising efforts in social networks grow every year. Since their appearance in the late 1990s Social Network Web Sites were considered as a uniform group. The only differentiation factors were the number of users and the amount of traffic passed through the site. This paper classifies the...

Disclaimers are widely used by firms to warn customers of dangers and limitations of their products, and are persuasive when the issue is important. We examine the effects of mandatory disclaimers. Speech restrictions conflict with basic economic incentives. Sellers are motivated by profit to...

Cooperative promotion is an important instrument for aligning manufacturer and retailer decisions in marketing channels. On the other hand, bargaining seems to be critical for marketing channel coordination, e.g., for vertical cooperative promotion. Based on our previous study (Spais,...

Building a strong brand today is incredibly difficult. A strong brand can turn a commoditised, undifferentiated product into something unique and special. For instance, as soon as you put the brand of Tiffany on a diamond, the value of the diamond shoots up. It is no longer just a diamond, it is...

Advertising pre-testing (or copy testing) is often employed in sales forecasting. It helps to quantify the impact of advertising on generating awareness, trial and repeat purchases. This paper reviews existing copy testing practices and makes some practical recommendations in the context of...

Simulated test marketing (STM) is a quantitative technique used to forecast new product sales, one of the most validated tools in all marketing research. Forecasting awareness is an important stage in that process, one critical to STM performance. Awareness models incorporated into popular STMs...

This study empirically examines the relationship between Brand Equity (BE) as the independent variable and Purchase Intention (PI) as the dependent variable in relation to branded baby soaps selectively. While both the variables individually have high level attributes of the customers, the...

Branding products and companies has always been associated with private enterprises and less, if ever, with international intergovernmental organizations. International organizations now have a long history behind them, a history often marked by contradictory events. In the last decade the...