The study attempts to identify the dynamic relationship between trade, income growth, energy consumption and CO2 … emissions for Pakistan. Johansen’s Cointegration procedure has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the Cointegrated … Vector Autoregressive model. The results reveal that trade has a favorable effect on environmental quality for Pakistan …

development increases energy usage's role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth, trade … requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH), which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct …

trade openness on CO2 emissions. The following are the main findings: (i) Fiscal decentralization had a CO2 emission … energy utilization, trade openness, industrial value-added, and foreign direct investment, whereas technological innovation …

the potential impact of the military conflict on international trade and the prices of energy, food, and metals. Whilst …'s gas exports to Europe. Also, countries that primarily trade with Russia and which have refrained from imposing sanctions … (e.g., Turkey and China) may benefit from increased trade with the rest of the world. In contrast, many energy- and food …

Trade encourages economic expansion and improves welfare based on international division of labor. However, trade also …

of tourist arrivals, the trade openness ratio, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon dioxide (CO2 … causalities running from: (i) renewable energy to CO2 emissions and trade; (ii) tourism to trade and FDI; and (iii) economic … energy, tourism, FDI, trade, and emissions. Thus, renewable energy and tourism are in a strong long-run causal relationship …

The purpose of this research study is to shed light on the causal relationship between foreign trade and economic … to each other. The result of Johansen co-integration test indicates cointegration and long-haul relationship among the … importance of export and import for economic growth is significance and foreign trade is heavily relied on economic growth of the …