Public transit ridership tumbled amid the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to enormous budget deficits and prompting slashed or eliminated service offerings across the United States. These service cuts may cause a vicious cycle and end up hurting the most vulnerable riders who cannot afford to...

Regulation of public transport operators is theorised to feature a cyclical tendency from publicly owned monopoly to various types of private schemes and then back to public monopoly. This paper analyses the evidence for a regulatory cycle and whether there are stable regulatory regimes in the...

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems have existed for more than 50 years, but they are still uncommon and unfamiliar. This review article synthesizes the findings of 42 papers which have discussed reasons for the slow adoption of BRT. Eleven causes were identified and the causes are usually different...

Competitive tendering of local bus services in Germany has received increased attention. Employing Seemingly Unrelated Regression analyses, we observe that prices have regionally varying determinants; for example, while prices throughout most of the federal state of Hesse increase over time,...

Auf den ersten Blick ist die Lage für die Eisenbahn in Deutschland recht günstig. Die Bahn konnte in den letzten Jahren, trotz eher ungünstiger intermodaler Rahmenbedingungen, ihren Marktanteil leicht ausbauen. Angesichts der aktuell intensiven Debatte darüber, wie sich die Klimaziele...

We examine the EU car labelling regime for CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency under Directive 1999/94/EC and document strongly diverging national labelling methodologies. Our contribution is fourfold. First, we distil the most relevant economic and behavioural research findings on car labelling....

The Ministry of Finance commissioned a report from Etlatieto Ltd on maritime operating conditions, competitiveness and the adaptability of this sector. The competitiveness of cargo ship has significantly improved when mixed-nationality crews were allowed and the Tonnage Tax Act went into force....

This paper analyzes the productivity in the US rail industry for the period 1980 - 2006. I propose a value-added production framework to circumvent the problem of measurement error in one input. I find evidence showing that aggregate productivity gains can be attributed to returns to scale and...