We show that drought-induced changes in the intensity of riots lead to moves towards democracy in sub-Saharan Africa …, and that these changes are often a result of concessions made as a result of the riots. This provides evidence that low …

increase in crime - the 2011 England riots - to identify the causal impact of a large exogenous crime shock on physical …

societies. Religious riots have claimed more than 14,000 lives in India since 1950. We study the effect of Hindu-Muslim riots on … election results in India. We combine data on riots, which have been geo-coded, with electoral data on state legislature … increases if a Hindu festival falls on a Friday, the holy day for Muslims. This allows us to isolate the causal effect of riots …