Since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the creation of the WTO in 1995, the functioning of the multilateral trading system has been the focus of a considerable number of articles, proposals and debates. With the exception of a few important initiatives on transparency and...

This article looks at the long-term, structural determinants of environmental performance in the world system. In multiple standard OLS regression models, we test the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the ‘four freedoms’ of goods, capital, labor and services, on the...

The official intention of the UNESCO World Heritage List is to protect the global heritage. However, the imbalance of the distribution of Sites according to countries and continents is striking. Consequently, the World Heritage Committee launched the Global Strategy for a Balanced,...

We analyze the formation of environmental policy to regulate transboundary pollution if governments are self-interested. In a common agency framework, we portray the environmental policy calculus of two political support-maximizing governments that are in a situation of strategic interaction...

The official intention of the UNESCO World Heritage List is to protect the global heritage. However, the existing List is highly imbalanced according to countries and continents. Historical reasons, such as historical GDP, population, and number of years of high civilization, have a significant...

Competition for energy resources in the contemporary world remains a source of crises and conflicts as long as demand increases faster than supply, and major oil reserves are located in areas characterized by profound political-economic imbalances and instability. Energy security is a matter of...

One of the main current trends in the international system is the setup and consolidation of regional integration schemes to face the challenges of the international inclusion for emerging economies. The integration from the energetic point of view goes in this direction; however, there is no...

Ever since the path-breaking empirical studies by Schott (1998) world systems scholars start from the well-established assumption that world science is a single gigantic center-periphery relationship. The strategic and tactical practical conclusions for individual scholars and their agenda in...

This book systematically evaluates the freely available data, contained in the European Social Survey and other international, open sources, on the problems of internal security and social policy in Europe for the Muslim and the non-Muslim populations in Europe. It is the attempt to try to...

This article first investigates the determination of 14 indicators of development in 109 countries with complete data based on MNC penetration on development in the 1990s and beyond, with such 'new' indicators as 'Islamic culture' or 'adherence to the Washington consensus'. A consequence of the...