The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated government mandated shutdowns caused a historic shock to the U.S. economy and a disproportionate job loss concentrated among the working class. While an unprecedented social safety net policy response successfully offset earnings loses among lower-wage...

Introduction / William J. Hurst, Thomas B. Gold, and Jaeyoun Won -- Broadening the debate on xiagang : policy origins and parallels in history / Lei Guang -- Xiagang and the geometry of urban political patronage in China : celebrated state (once-) workers and state chagrin / Dorothy J. Solinger...