EU Competition Law, Data Protection and Online Platforms. Data as Essential Facility' provides a highly topical study of how EU competition law interacts with data on online platforms. All agree that the digital economy contributes to a dynamic evolution of markets and competition. Nonetheless,...

Online media platforms have the characteristics of a particular type of market known as ‘multi-sided’. These businesses create value by bringing advertisers and users together. Access to user data is critical to this process. On the basis of economic literature, the features of multi-sided...

Because of the reliance on market analysis, current competition law may not be sufficiently fit for taking account of disruptive innovation which leads to the introduction of new products or services overthrowing existing markets. In the US, innovation has been given a more prominent place in...

The purpose of this article is to examine the alignment of the respective data protection and privacy, consumer protection and competition law policy agendas through the lens of pre-formulated declarations of consent whereby data subjects agree to the processing of their personal data by...

Differentiated treatment is a key focus in current competition investigations of the European Commission and national competition authorities, ranging from more prominent placement of one's own services in a ranking to preferential access to data and the favoring of businesses that pay higher...

Whether to continue relying on existing competition rules in the digital sector, or instead seek new competences and dedicated legislation, is the question for competition authorities in Europe. Several prominent reports (some at the request of those authorities) have posited this as the natural...

With this submission, we would like to respond, in our personal capacity as researchers, to two issues raised by the European Commission's public consultation on ‘Building a European Data Economy', namely: the development of a possible future EU framework for data access (section 1), and the...

This paper studies three specific issues around the application of competition policy to big data. The first issue relates to market power assessment and analyses the power given by data control in the big data value chain. The second and third issues relate to abuse of dominance assessment and...

Although the essential facilities doctrine has not been applied recently anymore in EU competition enforcement, it is regularly referred to in EU policy discussions as a tool to open up markets in which ‘tech giants' act as gatekeepers to consumers. Considering that the digital economy is not...