This article investigates the impact of the socioreligious segregation of Dutch society on the asset allocation choices of rural bankers and the withdrawal behavior of their depositors during the early 1920s. Results suggest that cooperatively-owned Raiffeisen banks for both Catholic and...

Cooperatively-owned Raiffeisen banks first emerged in the Netherlands in the late 1890s and spread rapidly across the country. Using a new dataset, we investigate the determinants of their market entry and early performance. We find that the cooperative organisational form, when allied to a...

Why do some banks fail in financial crises while others survive? This article answers this question by analysing the effect of the Dutch financial crisis of the 1920s on 142 banks, of which 33 failed. We find that choices of balance sheet composition and product market strategy made in the...

The Italian version of this paper can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1950198 Este documento de trabajo presenta un estudio de caso del Trentino, una de los territorios europeos con la mayor densidad de empresas cooperativas. El sistema de cooperación desarrollados en esta zona fronteriza...

The Spanish version of this paper can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1950560 This working paper presents the case of the Italian region of Trentino, one of the areas in Europe with the highest concentration of cooperative businesses. The cooperative system that developed in this border...

The paper aims to study the organizational structure, namely the integration developed among social cooperatives in Italy over their thirty years of history. In addition to organizing political and trade union representation, the social cooperation movement has felt the need to develop a system...

In his article, Sebastian Knake challenges the general assumption that traditional savings accounts in the US disappeared naturally as a result of the combination of interest rate regulation and extraordinarily high market interest rates during the stagflation period. By comparing the US...

The massification of retail finance in the 1980s relied on the successful deployment of automated teller machines (ATM) and on-line real-time (OLRT) computing during the 1960s and 1970s. We document how the deployment of ATM networks interweaved with the adoption of OLRT computing in Sweden and...

Current theories of financial regulation suggest expanding rules-based formal state intervention to promote international banking stability. Such policy solutions should then be global in scope. This article instead argues that principles-based informal co- and self-regulation through domestic...

In this paper we describe the first decades of the history of the Swedish ATM (Automated teller machine). Sweden was one of the pioneers in using ATMs, starting with cash dispensers or cash machines in 1967. The first machine was made operational and shown to the press on July 6, 1967, in...