An analysis of the freight costs of Russian foreign trade cargos shows that the quality characteristics of Russia's seaports have a strong bearing on the sea freight routing – seaports with low-quality infrastructure are apt to lose the competition. Not only Russia's economic policy in the...

We analyse the potential for shifting freight transports to the railways in Western and Central Europe. This potential arises for large and concentrated freight flows over long distances of about 300 km or more. However, we show that there are only few such freight flows in Europe, and that they...