public transportation fare by i) highlighting sanctions for non-compliance and ii) appealing to compliance norms whereby 90 … percent of passengers pay the fare. We find that both sanctions and norms treatments raise compliance. However, only appeals …

investments in compliance. Both arguments are incomplete. It is true that, generally, sanctions alone provide only suboptimal …

Sanctions are a recurrent issue on the international scene that has gained relevance in recent decades. This article … intends to approach this matter in an innovative way by analyzing the relative importance of sanctions' types and objectives …, besides target countries' characteristics, on sanctions outcomes. Unlike most previous studies, we use more comprehensive data …